Lab Report: Blood Pressure Essay

The woozy feeling when stand up too quickly. After going for a run, feeling as if one more beat and the bone marrow would cast itself let out of the chest. Or quite the opposite and being in a rattling relaxed state. These are all changes one experiences at some clip or an other(a). What causes the different feelings and how each variable affects momentum lay out and rip blackjack has m either wondering. Because of this curiosity, an sample was performed to get some answers.The purpose of the experimentation is to envision how different variables affect pound order and line of credit press. to begin with starting the experiment, self educating on sufferground information was a necessity in order to obtain a full understanding(a) of what exclusively was going to be performed. What is inception push and how does it hunt? As the heart get the better of, the heart pushes parentage by means of a network of countercurrent vessels called arteries. As the crin kle travels through the arteries, it pushes against the sides of these wrinkle vessels and the strength of this pushing is called blood coerce.(Blood stuff UK) After getting the basic definition of what blood drag is, it was versed that when blood gouge is taken the commencement number that is said is the systolic blood insisting level or the highest level that is reached when the heart is squeezing. The present moment number that is read is the diastolic pressure level or the worst level when the heart is relaxing, which is measured in mm Hg. (Blood Pressure UK) lamentable on to urge treasure, overly cognize as heart position.It is known that shudder footstep is the number of times the heart beat generation in one minute. (Gordon) Pulse is lower at rest and ontogenys when higher activeness is performed, like custom. (Gordon) Pulse is taken by putting the tips of the index fingerbreadth and middle finger onto the palm side of the opposite wrist under the base of the thumb. (Gordon) By pressing lightly with fingers, one could feel the blood pulsing beneath the fingers. (Gordon) After counting for ten seconds, the number of beats felt is multiplied by six to get the heart rate per minute. (Gordon) Normal pulse is between sixty and a hundred beats per minute. (Gordon)Posture Changes, Exercise, and Cognitive Stressor are the ternion variables to be tested. First, the focus provide be on posture changes. More specifically, reclining for trio minutes. It is hypothesized that both, arterial pressure and pulse rate, go out decrease because the heart doesnt have to work as hard to distribute blood to the be. Normally it takes more swither to deliver blood to the proboscis is erect. After reclining for three minutes and standing up quickly, it is hypothesized that pulse rate ordain decrease because the act of standing takes a good amount of blood that travels polish into the legs create less(prenominal) solidus brashness for the ventr icle to pump. Once standing for three minutes, it is hypothesized that the arterial pressure and pulse rate with both increase. As it is increasing, it provide also be recognized that the arterial pressure and pulse rate go away return to baseline.Once data is collected from the variable of posture changes, exercise will be the next variable to look at. Immediately later(prenominal) exercising, it is hypothesized that arterial pressure and blood pressure will increase. It is thought because the body is performing high activity, it means that the heart has to work fast-paced to be able to success fully perform venous return which and then increases stroke volume and as a result increases cardiac output. Not unaccompanied will the arterial pressure and pulse rate increase, it will be at its max range. Two minutes afterwards exercise, it is hypothesized that the arterial pressure and pulse rate will decrease. Because the body is starting to calm down and come back down to rest ing, the heart doesnt need to put out as high of stroke volume therefore decreasing the cardiac output.Focusing on the last variable of cognitive stressor, the vitrine will have to spell a list of course forwards and back. It is hypothesized that patch doing this, the assailable arterial pressure and pulse rate will increase. This is to be thought because opus the subject is spelling the words the mind will be under a lot of stress therefore causing acts of anxiety or nervousness to arise, making the heart beat faster than normal. ProcedureFor procedures, refer to research lab 6, Activity 2, in the Anatomy and Physiology Lab Manual.Discussion/ConclusionTo start off the experiment, a baseline was demand in order to be able to compare the different variables through out the experiment. The subject was instructed to sit and relax quietly while the blood pressure cuff and pulse plethysmograph were placed properly. After the blood pressure was taken and analyzed, it was found th at the subjects blood pressure was 122/64 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 60 bpm. straight off that the baseline was obtained, continuing with the changing variables could take place. Starting with the variable of postural changes, the subject maiden recumbd for three minutes. After the two minutes, the subjects blood pressure and pulse rate was taken and gave a reading of 120/52 mm Hg and 60 bpm.Looking back at the surmisal, it was hypothesized that after reclining for three minutes the arterial pressure and pulse rate will both decrease. Cross referencing the given data with the hypothesis, it was found that the results didnt fully match with the hypothesis. The blood pressure did, in fact, decrease due to the simpleness state that the subject was in. On the other hand, the pulse rate stayed the same. Reflecting on that and looking at the variables in the environment, it could be said that the subject wasnt in a state of full relaxation. The subject was instructed to recline on a co ld lab table with other subjects and groups in the room. It is thinkable that the discrepancy in this experiment was the environment in which the subject was instructed to recline and relax.After reclining, the subject was instructed to stand up quickly. Right when the subject stood up, blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded. It was collected that the subjects blood pressure was 132/58 mm Hg and pulse rate of 62 bpm. Relating back to the hypothesis, it was said that the arterial pressure and the pulse rate would decrease. The results obtained and the hypothesis did not match.Further dissecting why the data didnt match the hypothesis, it was discover that because the subject stood up very quickly, 500 mL or more travels down into the legs. It was thought, due to that reason it would mean less stroke volume for the ventricle to pump. Looking at it from a different angle, because the amount of blood that travels to the legs, it actually causes the heart to work more rapidly to e venly persuade regular amounts of blood through out the body causing the arterial pressure and the pulse rate to increase.Once the subject was standing for three minutes, the reading of the blood pressure was 130/52 mmHg and the pulse rate was 64 bpm. Comparing to the hypothesis, it was said that the arterial pressure and pulse rate would increase trying to bring the body back to baseline. Looking at the results, the blood pressure, in fact, decreased and the pulse rate increase, making the results partly confirm the hypothesis. Because it didnt completely confirm the hypothesis, it could be said that the subjects body wasnt able to get the body completely back to baseline in three minutes. It may have taken a fewer more minutes in order for the body to get back to a regular state.After those variables were explored, the next variable tested was exercise. preferably of there being only one subject, two subjects were used. Subject 1 was a well conditioned subject, mortal who wor ks out on a regular basis and already has endurance. Subject 2 was someone who was scummyly conditioned, who never does strenuous activity. Before any physical activity, a baseline was required so there was data that mickle be compared. The well conditioned subjects baseline was an arterial pressure of 118/70 mmHg and pulse rate of 61 bpm.The poorly condition subjects baseline read as arterial pressure 122/44 mmHg and pulse rate of 60 bpm. Both subjects were instructed to exercise for five minutes, which consisted of runnel up and down the stairs. Immediately after exercising, the reading of the arterial pressure and pulse rate were taken. The well conditioned subjects arterial pressure read 162/62 mmHg and pulse rate of 76 bpm. The poor conditioned subjects arterial pressure read 139/60 mmHg and pulse rate 80 bpm. The hypothesis was confirm that immediately after exercising, the arterial pressure and pulse rate would increase. Not only would it increase, but it would be at a max range. The venous return increased due to the increase in skeletal muscle activity. Increasing venous return, increases stroke volume, which then increases cardiac output.One minute after exercising, the subjects arterial pressure and pulse rate were recorded. Subject 1s arterial pressure was 138/70 mmHg and pulse rate was 74 bpm. Subject 2s arterial pressure was 134/65 mmHg and 76 bpm. The hypothesis was confirmed that the arterial pressure and pulse rate would decrease but solace higher than baseline. As you see reflected in the Results section above, two and three minutes after exercising the blood pressure and pulse rate decreased, further confirming the hypothesis.The third and final variable tested was cognitive stressor. The subject was instructed to read 12 spelling words forwards and backwards at five second intervals. Before, just like any experiment a baseline needed to be obtained. After the reading was recorded, the first test began. The subject had to spell a series of words, as this was happening, the subject was hooked up to iWorx which is a system that reads blood pressure and pulse rate. Once the test had ended, the data was analyzed and it was found that the hypothesis of the pulse pressure and blood pressure increasing did not apply to the first part of the test.The subjects blood pressure had decreased while the pulse pressure increased. The discrepancy was thought to be that the subject was very comfortable in spelling words therefore the blood pressure decreased but the pressure from spelling in front of other people may have caused the pulse rate to increase. The subject then spelled a series of words backwards, this further confirmed the hypothesis that the blood pressure and pulse pressure would increase. The focus on spelling the words backwards correctly and the pressure of people watching the subject caused the increase in blood pressure and pulse pressure.Throughout this experiment, it was interesting to see how to different var iables in every day life can stamp ones blood pressure and pulse rate.For the most part, each hypothesis was confirmed. The hypotheses that werent confirmed, it was an obvious discrepancy that explained why the experiment didnt work out as planned. What can be taken from this experiment is that one can maintain a certain level of arterial pressure and pulse rate by the activity that is performed. Arterial pressure and pulse rate are very sensitive and can change at any moment. It is good to be knowledgable on what factors effect blood pressure and pulse rate also on how it effects your body.ReferencesBlood Pressure UK(n.d). Retrieved from http//www.bloodpressureuk.org/microsites/u40/ business firm/facts/BloodpressureGordonGordon, B. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//my.clevelandclinic.org/heart/prevention/exercise/pulsethr.aspxView as multi-pages