Women in World War II :: World War II History

Women in World War II When the war across seas broke out in 1939 Canada was c eached to the campaign as a disrupt of the British Empire. Canadas work force was now severely depleted. Everyone remembers the prestigious men and women of Canada for their effort in the war helping the allied side defeat the German enemy. We must remember though that the soldiers were not a self sufficient army, navy, and air force but rather part of the larger war machine that was Canada. When Canadians think of the war they must remember the country that stood behind our soldiers in Europe. As Canadians we must especially remember the women who stayed syndicate and were major contributors to holding together the jade force. As well their volunteering in society helped push Canada through the War. By temporarily assuming non-traditional roles in the labour force and in society, Canadian women became an important part of the war effort from 1939-1945. In 1939 the war broke out in Europe. Canada was s till fighting the vie to rebuild their economy from the depression of the 1930s . A great number of Canadian Women were affected both directly and indirectly. As more then a one thousand thousand of our full time service men and Militia went across seas to fight the war m either women were left home alone with no husbands, sons, brothers or any other male relatives . The Depression sported more the 900,000 Canadians out of work, and 20 per cent of these were women . The Military Recruitment and the new war industry put an end to the Depression, and the widespread unemployment that accompanied it. By 1941 the population of women in the labour force had already jumped by 100,000. The employment of women was now highly evident in almost all of Canada . It is obvious now in retrospect that for the most part the Second World War divided Canadas men and women. But to fully understand this we induct to first know why men and women, in most aspects of the war, were given this sexual divi sion. We must also get a good scope of what was recognized and expected of men and women before the war broke out. From the first natives in Canada to the industrializing society of today men and women perk up had different gender roles in society. These have reflected the norms, values, and beliefs of our culture that have been in Canada as long as the white man has.

Euthanasia Essay - Concerns About Euthanasia -- Euthanasia Physician A

A medical examiner from Oakland County, Michigan and three researchers from the University of South Florida have studied key characteristics of 69 patients whose suicides were assisted by Jack Kevorkian among 1990 and 1998. Their findings are published in the December 7 New England Journal of euphony. Autopsies show that only 25 percent of Kevorkians clients were terminally ill when he helped them shovel in themselves. Seventy-two percent of the patients had had a recent decline in health status that may have precipitated the desire to die. However, no anatomical disease was sustain at autopsy in 5 of the 69 people. In light of the generally lower rate of suicide among women, it was notable that 71% of these patients were women. Persons who were divorced or never married were over-represented among Kevorkians clients, suggesting the need for a better understanding of the familial and psychosocial context of decision making at the end of life L. Roscoe, J. Malphurs, L. Dragovic, and D. Cohen, Dr. Jack Kevorkian and Cases of euthanasia in Oakland County, Michigan, 1990-1998, Correspondence, 343 New England Journal of Medicine 1735-6 (Dec. 7, 2000). Numerous studies have established that the Americans most directly affected by the issue of physician-assisted suicide -- those who are frail, elder and suffering from terminal illness -- are also more opposed to legalizing the practice than others are * A poll conducted for the Washington Post on demo 22-26, 1996, found 50% support for legalizing physician-assisted suicide (Washington A18) Voters aged 35-44 supported legalization, 57% to 33%. But these figures reversed for voters aged 65 and older, who opposed legalization 54% to 38%. Majo... ... suicide attitudes and experiences of oncology patients, oncologists, and the public. 347 The Lancet 1805 (June 29, 1996)1809 Humphry, Derek. Whats in a word? Euthanasia Research & Guidance Organization 1993, Table 1-A. Koenig, Dr. Harold et al.. Attitudes of E lderly Patients and their Families Toward Physician-Assisted Suicide. 156 Archives of Internal Medicine 2240 (Oct. 28, 1996) Lee v. Oregon, 891 F.Supp. 1429 (D. Or. 1995), vacated on other grounds, 107 F.3d 1382 (9th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 328 (1997). Poll Shows More Would Support Law Using Gentler Language, TimeLines (Jan.-Feb. 1994)9 Washington v. Glucksberg, 117 S. Ct. 2258, 2262 n. 7 (1997. -- -- --. 117 S. Ct. at 2272, quoting United States v. Rutherford, 442 U.S. 544, 558. 1979. Washington Post, April 4, 1996.

The Awakening: The Fall of Kate Chopin’s Career Essay -- Biography

Did you ever wonder what it was like for a woman to live in the 1800s? Like in any some other decade, there were many memorable events that influenced the writers of this era, but for women writers, this era was characterized by feminism and the fight for womens rights. Writers like Kate Chopin brought most of the feminist issues to the light through books such as hers, The Awakening. Kate Chopin had a difficult childhood, in which she lost most of her family members. When she began writing, she revealed beliefs of movement of leading about rights of women. Critics say Chopin based most of the characters in her books on leaders of the movement, on herself, and on regular women of her time. Chopins life was in a downward spiral until she started publishing her works of literature. After publishing The Awakening, her life increasingly began looking up. Kate Chopins birth was in St. Louis on February 8, 1851. Five historic period later, she started school at the Academy of the Sacred Heart. Later on in her schooling, she tack a classmate that had the same love for reading and writing as she, but not long after, she had to stop attending school for two years (Adams ix). This was because of the death of her father. Chopin was the only of her three siblings to live a long life. She lived with her widowed mother, her grandmother, and her great-grandmother (Long). Nine years later, her grandmother passed away. This was only shortly after that passing of her familiar (Adams ix). When she finally went back to school, she had picked up her Cajun Uriegas 2influence (Long). Chopin was now also a nonconformist. Her family owned slaves that she loved spending time with. She took down the union glad and hid it earning the name St. Louiss littl... ...t 123). The Awakening shows the Creoles living in the French Quarters and how the other Creole Americans live (Hatchet 123). It also shows that the initial influence stayed strong (Hatchet 123). Kate Chopin had her character of rough times in life, but writing was her escape. She used her writing to let people know what was going on the world as uttermost as womens rights were concerned. The critics say that Chopin showed her rebellious attitude through her characters and the Creole influences that were apparent in her books. Kate Chopin was not a part of the womens rights movement, but they inspire her writing in many ways. Women of this time had very few rights and what rights they had were not given up. Feminism was on the rise writers like Kate Chopin helped everyone see what women needed and merited even though their opinions were very controversial.

Subject: Hemmingway-The Sun Also Rises :: essays papers

Subject Hemmingway-The Sun Also RisesIn the novel The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest Hemingway, a commentator is forced to decide weather the spite that the Jake has for Chon originates from Jakes racist background, or his deeply seeded jealousy of Chon for having a brief affair with Brett. sluice though it is clear that Jake has racist views, the hatred he has for his former friend Chon Chon is strictly based on the jealousy he feels towards Chon for the weekend he fatigued with Brett.Jake goes in to great detail about Chons early life. He speaks highly and admiringly of Chon, only if in a condescending way. A reader get her first spot on page one that Jake has some racist feelings toward Chon. He speaks of how Chons nose was flattened in a boxing geminate and concluded the sentence with ...and it certainly improved his nose (11). This can be taken as a reference to the stereotypical Jew nose that is often associated with Jewish people. Jake and Chon are close friends, and Jake likes him up to the point where he becomes involved with Brett. Jake goes on and on about all of the relationship mistakes in Chons life. There is an hint of jealousy that appears in Jakes tone. He states that women began to become attracted to Chon as he got older, and that it changed him so that he was not so pleasant to have around (16). There is racism in Jakes tone, but Jakes problem with Chon is is strictly one of jealousy. By this time Jake has already developed an extreme distaste for Chons endeavors with women, but these feelings their peak when Chon and Lady Brett have a brief affair. Jake, having unconditional love for Brett, blames the entire incident on Chon. In turn, Chon makes as point to rub it in Jakes face. Jake says ...it was giving him pleasure to be able to talk with the understanding that I knew there was something between them (106). Jake has a great deal of trouble relations with this. It has nothing to do with the fact that Chon is Jewish, Jake is m erely jealous of him. It would not be manly for Jake to openly admit his jealousy, and blame the jealousy on his harsh feelings toward Chon. As a result Jake falls back on the fact that

Tender is the Night Essay -- Fitzgerald Literature Essays

Tender is the Night Servant troublepolitical worries approximately neurosisdrinking increasedarguments with Scottiequarrel with Hemingwayquarrel with Bunny Wilsonquarrel with Gerald Murphybreakdown of cartight at Eddie Poessick over againfirst borrowing from mothersick The FireZelda weakens and goes to Hopkinsone servant and eating out. (Mayfield 207)A short excerpt from F. Scott Fitzgeralds Ledger provides a shrimpy sample of the many hurdles Fitzgerald struggled to overcome while slaving away baseball club years with Tender is the Night.The labor which accompanied Fitzgeralds fourth novel was non anticipated by the author. He had first envisioned Tender is the Night to be something really new in form, idea, and structurethe model for the age that Joyce and stein are searching for, that Conrad didnt find(Scribner 1). But disease, relative poverty, and heartbreak plagued Fitzgerald and repeatedly interrupted his work on the n ovel.Tender is the Night finally appeared on April 12, 1934. But despite Fitzgeralds high expectations of hot reviews, the reception was, at best, luke warm. The novel sold only thirteen thousand copies and left Fitzgeralds egotism bruised and his hopes of its estimable success unfulfilled. Ernest Hemingway offered little praise. The characters, he believed, were beautifully faked case histories rather than batch (Mayfield 209). Similarly unimpressed, Hal Borland of the Philadelphia Ledger remarked on April 13, 1934, Most of the themes of Tender is the Night seem punter fitted for clinical studies than for fiction. Fitzgeralds novel is admirably done, and its dozens of cross-currents are well handled. But it is not the important nov... ...the critics reception of Tender is the Night. Though short in length, Scribner reveals several excerpts from Fitzgeralds letters and personal writings which present for the readers a more personal view of Fitzgerald, the author. http//people.bra ndeis.edu/teuber/fitzgeraldbio.htmlThis website lists Fitzgeralds published works and offers a exposit biography of the author himself. The highlighted texts serve to differentiate different eras in Fitzgeralds life. The site also offers several links wherein additional information regarding influential people and events can be researched. http//www.sc.edu/fitzgerald.comThis website summarizes Fitzgeralds life as well as the general reception of his novels. It also touches on the many hurdles Fitzgerald came across during his nine years of struggling with his fourth novel, Tender is the Night.

Tender is the Night Essay -- Fitzgerald Literature Essays

Tender is the Night Servant troublepolitical worriesalmost neurosisdrinking change magnitudearguments with Scottiequarrel with Hemingwayquarrel with Bunny Wilsonquarrel with Gerald Murphybreakdown of cartight at Eddie Poessick againfirst borrowing from startsick The FireZelda weakens and goes to Hopkinsone servant and eating out. (Mayfield 207)A short excerpt from F. Scott Fitzgeralds Ledger provides a small sample of the many hurdles Fitzgerald struggled to overcome while slaving away nine years with Tender is the Night.The labor which accompanied Fitzgeralds one-fourth impudent was not anticipated by the author. He had first envisioned Tender is the Night to be something really new in form, idea, and structurethe model for the age that Joyce and Stein are searching for, that Conrad didnt find(Scribner 1). But disease, relative poverty, and heartbreak plagued Fitzgerald and repeatedly interrupted his work on the novel.Tender is the Night finally appeared on April 12, 1934. But despite Fitzgeralds high expectations of hot reviews, the reception was, at best, luke warm. The novel sold only thirteen thousand copies and left Fitzgeralds ego bruised and his hopes of its estimable success unfulfilled. Ernest Hemingway offered slender praise. The characters, he believed, were beautifully faked case histories rather than people (Mayfield 209). Similarly unimpressed, Hal Borland of the Philadelphia Ledger remarked on April 13, 1934, Most of the themes of Tender is the Night seem better fitted for clinical studies than for fiction. Fitzgeralds novel is admirably done, and its dozens of cross-currents are well handled. But it is not the important nov... ...the critics reception of Tender is the Night. Though short in length, Scribner reveals several excerpts from Fitzgeralds letter and personal writings which present for the readers a more personal view of Fitzgerald, the author. http//people.brandeis.edu/teuber /fitzgeraldbio.htmlThis website lists Fitzgeralds published works and offers a detailed biography of the author himself. The highlighted texts mete out to differentiate different eras in Fitzgeralds life. The site also offers several links wherein additional information regarding influential people and events can be researched. http//www.sc.edu/fitzgerald.comThis website summarizes Fitzgeralds life as well as the general reception of his novels. It also touches on the many hurdles Fitzgerald came across during his nine years of struggling with his fourth novel, Tender is the Night.

An insight into boredom, the cause and the cure for the state of mind called boredom

The Dictionary describes bored as as dull, tedious, and lacking stimuli. There is an inherent anxiety in boredom plurality will expend considerable effort to prevent or remedy it, yet in many circumstances it is accepted as an inevitable suffering to be endured. A common way to escape boredom is through creative thoughts or daydreaming yet I define Boredom as a lack of entertainment or a stimulant.School students can very easily get bored in the summer holidays because of a lack of deepen in the activates what they do in their day to day life. Everyone becomes bored at least once in their life. Boredom is a condition characterized by detection of ones environment in their life.In the newspaper lately their have been reports on teenagers being bored in the summer holidays. And it is the local government getting the institutionalize for closing down public swimming pools and under funding them. The result off this is anti social behaviour i.e. vandalism petty theft and more than anti social behaviour.There are many ways in which to tackle boredom. Getting a paper rotary is a good mentation because it gets you up and out of the house, you can also earn money from it also possessions can be bought to prevent future boredom. But the downside to having a paper round is that you have to do it and it might cut into fun stuff. Joining a youth group is a good idea because there are unremarkably new people every sentence you go. Buying a new computer game is useful force to tackle boredom and it can be very expensive, and you have to have the console to play it on in the first place.To stop this dreaded lack of entertainment you should try, not to do something completely the time but rather go out to meet new people. This could be the people you would normally hang around with but maybe you could recognize different people to hang around with. I find going to the park every day and just hanging about very boring. round people get drunk to avoid boredom. Altho ugh this can make things funny and interesting, it is not a very good idea and can cause infliction as well it does damage to your body mostly your liver.Boredom we will all get it at least once in our life time but it is very easy to stop being bored, just go out there and find some thing to reanimate it. It is very simple to avoid but it is just as easy to fall into the trap of boredom.I hope that this essay has given you an insight into boredom the cause and the cure for the state of mind called boredom.

Design a Repeater for Digital Rf Signal

Abstract Repeaters for digital TV broadcasting set up use all(prenominal) analogue or digital techniques. The purpose of utilise reversionist is to boost manoeuvres into beas of weak c everyplaceage in any radio communication system. However wave interference means the recidivist usu all(prenominal)y requires a frequency flip-flop for analogue modulated show. For digitally modulated point it whitethorn be mathematical to use same frequency. This paper investigated and designed a RF repeater which will improve the inter image interference by incorporating delay betwixt absorbd and transmit manoeuver.This jutting also reviewed the basics of current Digital moving video distri thateing-Terrestrial (DVB-T) techniques and selected it as a suitable choice for lab experiment. The practical stance of this count on is to design and skeletal system a repeater incorporating suitable electrical delay. Contents 1. 0 Introduction4 1. 1 Background4 1. 2Aim of this project6 1. 3Project objectives6 1. 3 Project deliverable7 2. 0 Problem analysis8 2. 1 Repeater8 2. 1. 1 Analogue repeaters9 2. 1. 2 Digital repeaters10 2. 2 Inter figure interference13 2. 3 Multipath propagation15 2. 3. 1 Multipath fading15 2. 4 The TV channels16 2. 5 transmitting business18 . 6 Signal Amplifiers20 2. 7 Transmission delay (Coaxial telephone circuit)21 3. 0 Possible solution24 3. 1 RF amplifier25 3. 1. 1 The Transistor Amplifier26 3. 1. 2 Ultra High oftenness Transistor Array (HFA)29 3. 1. 3 Surface mounts technology32 3. 1. 4 Surface Mount Monolithic Amplifier32 3. 1. 5 Loft box 8 way home scattering whole34 3. 2. 6 Maxview signal booster35 3. 2. 7 Antenna36 4. 0 Design37 4. 1 Circuit design37 4. 2 PCB design38 5. 0 instruction execution40 5. 1 Implementation with HFA312740 5. 2 Implementation with MAV-11SM amplifier41 6. 0 Test result42 6. 1 Laboratory test result42 6. 2 Field test result44 7. Result Discussion46 8. 0 Conclusion48 Future work49 Works Cited50 phase Li st visualize 1System block diagram6 regard 2 Passive and Active repeater block diagram7 Figure 3 Analog repeater8 Figure 4 Digital repeater9 Figure 5 Channel management for digital repeater10 Figure 6 Channel management for analogue repeater10 Figure 7 Broadcast in valley with digital repeaters11 Figure 8 101101 transmitted data12 Figure 9 Received data12 Figure 10 Transmitted data vs. Received data13 Figure 11 Multipath propagation14 Figure 12 Cable tone ending in dB (Antenna basics, 2008)18 Figure 13 Linear heighten phase vs frequency22Figure 14 The basic junction junction transistor amplifier26 Figure 15 HFA3127 transistor array30 Figure 16 MAV-11SM amplifier31 Figure 17 Suggested PCB lay appear with MAV-11SM33 Figure 18 Loft box home distri yetor33 Figure 19 Maxview signal booster35 Figure 20 Antenna used for this project35 Figure 21 Interference mingled with relay signal and chief(prenominal) transmitted signal36 Figure 22 ISIS established of circuit design37 Figure 2 3 PCB design according to the datasheet in ARES37 Figure 24 3D view for PCB38 Figure 25 Circuit with HFA3127 amplifier39 Figure 26 MAV-11SM amplifier circuit board40 Figure 27 HFA3127 gain with soldering error41Figure 28 HFA3127 amplifier gain41 Figure 29 One MAV-11SM amplifier gain42 Figure 30 Two MAV-11SM amplifier circuits give more gain42 Figure 31 Three amplifiers in concert was the maximum gain43 Figure 32 Low choice picture with normal antenna43 Figure 33 Picture with repeater connected antenna44 Figure 34 Rebroadcasting connection44 1. 0 Introduction 1. 1 Background Digital Video air (DVB) is be adopted as the stock(a) for digital tv set in many countries. The DVB standard offers many advantages over the previous analogue standards and has enabled television to make a major step forwards in impairment of its technology.Digital Video Broadcasting, DVB is now one of the success stories of modern broadcasting. The take up has been enormous and it is currently deployed in over 80 countries worldwide, including nigh of Europe and also within the USA. It offers advantages in terms of far greater efficiency in terms of spectrum usage and might utilisation as well as cosmos able to affect considerably more facilities, the prospect of more channels and the ability to work alongside existing analogue services. (Pool, 2002) In these days when in that location atomic number 18 many ways in hich television plunder be carried from the transmitter to the receiver no one standard can be optimised for all applications. As a result there ar many some(prenominal)(predicate) forms of the Digital Video Broadcasting, DVB, standards, each designed for a given application. The primary(prenominal) forms of DVB argon summarised be first DVB Standard Meaning Description DVB-C Cable The standard for delivery of video service via cable networks. DVB-H Handheld DVB services to handheld devices, e. g. mobile phones, and so forth DVB-RSC Return satellite chann el Satellite DVB services with a return channel for interactivity. DVB-S Satellite services DVB standard for delivery of television / video from a satellite. DVB-SH Satellite handheld Delivery of DVB services from a satellite to handheld devices DVB-S2 Satellite here and now gene ration The second generation of DVB satellite broadcasting. DVB-T Terrestrial The standard for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting. Digital Video Broadcasting- Terrestrial (DVB-T) The common perception of digital television these days is of broadcasts emanating from signal towers, bouncing off satellites, and being beamed to home receivers.This is the magic ofsatellite transmittal, and it is reliable as long as the view of those satellites is non obscured. However, this is not the solely way in which television signals are transmitted. Another popular method of transmitting signalsdigital video broadcastingterrestrial (DVB-T). When broadcasters employ this method, the digital signals do not l eave the earth. The signals transmitted useDVB-Tdo not travel via cable, though rather, they go fromantenna to aerial antenna, from signal blaster to home receiver. Digital signals are routinely transmitted using terrestrial methods.The transmission method has different names in different parts of the world. DVB-Tis the name used in Europe and Australia. North American customers receive these signals using a set of standards approved by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC). In Japan, it is known as Integrated Services Digital BroadcastingTerrestrial (IDSB-T). DVB-Tbroadcasters transmit data using a compressed digital audio-video stream, with the finished process standd on theMPEG-2 standard. These transmissions can include all kinds of digital broadcasting, includingHDTVand other eminent-intensity methods.This is a vast improvement over the old analog signals, which required separate streams of transmission. Oddly enough, someDVB-Ttransmissions take place over analog networks, with the antennas and receivers getting some helpful technological upgrades along the way. (Pool, 2002) 1. 2 Aim of this project The aim of this project is to investigate the design of a repeater for DVB-T system but incorporating a delay surrounded by receives and transmits signals to avoid Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). It is useful to use a repeater to boost the signal into areas of weak coverage in any radio wave communication system.However wave interference means the repeater usually requires a frequency shift for analogue modulated signals. For digitally modulated signals it may be possible to use the same frequency. The project will review the basics of current digital systems such as DVB (Broadcast TV) and WLAN and to identify a suitable choice for a lab experiment. The practical side will be to design and build a repeater incorporating suitable transmission delay. 1. 3 Project objectives 1. Investigate and find Inter Symbol Interference effect on real sign al. 2.Investigate and learn the delay effect on real signal and cause of the delay. 3. Investigate and learn Multipath propagation and Doppler shift of the frequencies. 4. Investigate and learn about Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) techniques. 5. Investigate and learn about transmission delay of maunderial cable. 6. Investigate and learn about different symbol of Amplifier. 7. Designing repeater circuit. 8. Implementing circuit. 9. exam the circuit. Figure 1System block diagram 1. 3 Project deliverable * System design * Circuit design * Documentation 2. 0 Problem analysis . 1 Repeater Repeaters provide an efficient solution to increase the coverage of the broadcasting networks. In the broadcasting networks, the network operators usually first put high originator transmitters at the strategic points to quickly ensure an attractive coverage and then, in a second step, increase their coverage by placing low- designer repeaters in the dead secernate or shadow areas, such as a tun nel, valley or an indoor area. A repeater is simply a device that receives an analogue signal or a digital signal and regenerates the signal along the next leg of the medium.In DVB-T networks, there are two different kinds of repeaters. They are passive repeaters, which are also called as gap-fillers and active repeaters that are also called as regenerative repeaters. A passive repeater receives and retransmits a DVB-T signal without changing the signalling information bits. The signal is only boosted. An active repeater can demodulate the incoming signal, perform error recovery and then re-modulates the bit stream. The production of the error recovery can blush be connected to a local re-multiplexer to enable insertion of local programmes.This means that the entire signal is regenerated. The building blocks of the passive and active repeater configurations are shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 Passive and Active repeater block diagram In a first step, DVB-T broadcasters, as all broadca sters, engulf their networks with high power transmitters in strategic point in order to quickly insure an attractive coverage to TV operators and then, in a second step, increase their coverage by placing low power repeaters in shadow area. To repeat a DVB-T signal, two solutions can be used An analogue repeat in this case, repeaters use well-known techniques such as down conversion, filtering, up conversion and amplification. The signal is only boosted. * A digital repeat this new subject of repeater uses a professional DVB-T receiver to recover the programme stream (and correct all errors) carried in the RF channel, performs a new modulation followed by an up conversion and amplification. It means that the entire signal is regenerated. 2. 1. 1 Analogue repeaters In case of analogue repetition, the output signal property cannot exceed the quality of the received signal because the signal is not regenerated.Figure 3 Analog repeater Furthermore, being a passive process, it degrad es the signal the phase hinderance of the local oscillator involves a degradation of the phase noise of the received signal and creates an inter-modulation. The local oscillator phase noise adds to the phase noise of the received signal. In these conditions, what are the performances of analogue repetition for Modulation Error Ratio (MER) and Carrier to kerfuffle ratio (C/N)? Of course, performances are linked to the technology but analogue repetition cannot be insured ad infinitum. And, if one link in the analogue repetition chain is weak, all the system is deficient. Trolet, 2002) 2. 1. 2 Digital repeaters In case of a digital repetition, the entire signal is regenerated it means that repeaters, as transmitters, insure the quality of the broadcasted signal as long as it is able to demodulate it. Figure 4 Digital repeater The output signal quality is independent of the infix signal quality * Phase noise is linked to the local oscillator only, * A weak link, in a digital repetiti on chain, is erased by the following repeater, * Several digital repeaters can be cascaded without any cumulative degradation.Drawback of Digital repeater The delay in spite of appearance a digital repeater is taller than the guard interval. So, the signal cannot be repeated on the frequency of the main transmitter main transmitters and repeaters cannot operate in a iodin frequency Network (SFN) even with 8K carriers and a guard interval of 1/4. (Trolet, 2002) Figure 5 Channel management for digital repeater The delay inside an analogue repeater is lower than the guard interval and allows main transmitters and repeaters to operate in SFN mode. Figure 6 Channel management for analogue repeaterBut, with such technique, converging between repeater cells and transmitter cell cannot be optimised/adjusted. Analogue repeaters have not the possibility to buffer the signal they cannot add delay to move the circle zone. To optimise single frequency network with this technique, two solutio ns * Move the repeater that means you have to find new broadcasting site. * Reduce the output power of your repeaters and forbid overlap. So, to build an efficient Single Frequency Network (SFN), Broadcasters have benefits in using transmitters * government agency more freedom for defining the size of the cells Means more freedom for defining the repeater locations Benefits of Digital Repeater * As long as the repeater is able to demodulate the RF channels, signal quality is independent of excitant signal quality. * Output MER 33 dB (Trolet, 2002) * In theory, thanks to the forward error correction (FEC) and the output signal quality, digital repeaters can be cascaded ad infinitum. It is an efficient solution to broadcast in valleys. TV viewers and distant repeaters share the broadcasted signal. Figure 7 Broadcast in valley with digital repeaters The demodulation process, down to the programme stream, allows broadcasters to insert a local multiplexor in order to customize the con tent for a local broadcasting. More and more, local communities aim their local programmes. Digital repeaters offer a flexible solution to the network. * Shadow area can be covered by several repeaters. Repeaters operate together in SFN mode without any external references (10 MHz and 1 PPS) (Trolet, 2002). In their inbred memory, digital repeaters can buffer the signal so as to optimise overlaps. 2. 2 Inter symbol interferenceInter-symbol interference (ISI) is an unavoidable consequence of some(prenominal) wired and wireless communication systems. Morse first noticed it on the transatlantic telegraph cables transmitting messages using dots and dashes and it has not gone way since. He handled it by just slowing down the transmission. Amplitude period Figure 8 101101 transmitted data Figure 8 shows a data sequence, 1,0,1,1,0, which wish to be sent. This sequence is in form of square pulses. Square pulses are tenuous as an abstraction but in practice they are hard to create and a lso require far too much bandwidth. Amplitude TimeFigure 9 Received data Figure 9 shows each symbol as it is received. It also shows what the transmission medium creates a tail of capacity that lasts much long-acting than intended. The energy from symbols 1and 2 goes all the way into symbol 3. each symbol interferes with one or more of the subsequent symbols. The circled areas show areas of big(a) interference. Amplitude Time Figure 10 Transmitted data vs. Received data Fig. 3 shows the actual signal seen by the receiver. It is the sum of all these distorted symbols. Compared to the transmitted signal, the received signal looks quite indistinct.The receiver does not actually this signal it sees only the little dots, the value of the amplitude at the timing instant. Symbol 3, this value is some half of the transmitted value, which makes this particular symbol is more susceptible to noise and incorrect interpretation and this phenomena is the result of this symbol delay and smeari ng. This spreading and smearing of symbols such that the energy from one symbol effects the next ones in such a way that the received signal has a higher probability of being interpret incorrectly is called Inter Symbol Interference or ISI.ISI can be caused by many different reasons. It can be caused by filtering effects from computer hardware or frequency selective fading, from non- line of descentarity and from charging effects. Very few systems are immune from it and it is nearly always present in wireless communications. Communication system designs for both wired and wireless nearly always need to incorporate some way of controlling it. The main problem is that energy, which is been wishing to confine to one symbol, leaks into others. So one of the simplest things can be done to reduce ISI is to just slowing down the signal.Transmitting the next pulse of information only after allowing the received signal has damped down. The time it takes for the signal to die down is called delay spread, whereas the original time of the pulse is called the symbol time. If delay spread is less than or correspond to the symbol time then no ISI will result, otherwise yes. (Charan, 2002) Slowing down the bit rate was the main way ISI was controlled on those initial transmission lines. then(prenominal) faster chips came and allowed to do signal processing controlling ISI and transmission hotfoots increased accordingly. . 3 Multipath propagation Multipath propagation is caused by multipath receptions of the same signal. in city surround or indoors signal travels along different path from transmitter (Tx) to receiver (Rx). * Signal components received at some different times (delay) * These components are combined at Rx * Results as a signal that varies widely in amplitude, phase or polarization 2. 3. 1 Multipath fading When the components add destructively repayable to phase differences amplitude of the received signal is very small.At the other times the components add constructively the amplitude of received signal is large. This amplitude variations in the received signal called signal fading, are due to the time-variant characteristics of the channel. Relative motion between Tx and Rx (or surrounding objects causing e. g. reflection) causes random frequency modulation. Figure 11 Multipath propagation Each multipath component has different Doppler shift. The Doppler shift can be calculated by using fd=V? cos? V is the velocity of the terminal ? is the spatial weight down between the direction of motion and the wave ? is the wavelengthThe three most important effects of multipath fading and moving scatters are * Rapid changes in signal posture over a small travelled distance or time interval * Random frequency modulation due to vary Doppler shifts on different multipath signals. * Time dispersion (echoes) caused by multipath propagation 2. 4 The TV channels Hertz(Hz) meanscycles per second. (Heinrich Hertz was the first to build a radio transm itter and receiver while under stand up what he was doing. )KHz means 1000 Hertz, MHz means 1,000,000 Hertz, and gigahertz means 1,000,000,000 Hertz The radio frequency spectrum is separate into major bandsFrequencyWavelength(in meters) VLFvery low frequency3 KHz 30 KHz 100 Km 10 Km LFlow frequency 30 KHz 300 KHz 10 Km 1 Km MFmedium frequency300 KHz 3 MHz 1 Km 100 m HFhigh frequency 3 MHz 30 MHz 100 m 10 m VHFvery high frequency30 MHz 300 MHz 10 m 1 m UHF immoderate high frequency300 MHz 3 GHz 1 m 100 mm SHFsuper high frequency 3 GHz 30 GHz 100 mm 10 mm EHFextremely high frequency 30 GHz 300 GHz 10 mm 1 mm (Antenna basics, 2008) The UK uses UHF for terrestrial television transmissions, with both PAL-I analogue broadcasts and DVB-T digital broadcasts sharing the band. The following table is a proficient channel/frequency conversion table showing the E channel number, PAL-I vision and sound carrier frequencies, and the centre frequency for digital tuning. The frequ ency image for the UK involves each channel having an 8MHz bandwidth the space in the spectrum that each channel is allotted. The PAL-I standard specifies a video bandwidth of 5. 0 MHz and an audio carrier at 6 MHz.The DVB-T transmissions must fall within this channel plan, resulting in each digital channel also having a bandwidth of 8 MHz. Unlike PAL-I, the digital channel (carrying a multiplexed signal) utilises the entire bandwidth available to it simultaneously, transmitting 2048 carriers (in 2k mode). For tuning purposes, a centre frequency is used (Table is included in appendices). (digital spy, 2009) Decibels Decibels (dB) are commonly used to bring up gain or loss in circuits. The number of decibels is found from Gain in dB = 10*log(gain factor)or (Antenna basics, 2008) In some situations this is more involved than using gain or loss factors. But in many situations, decibels are simpler.For example, suppose 10 feet of cable loses 1 dB of signal. To figure the loss in a interminable cable, just add 1 dB for every 10 feet. In general, decibels let add or subtract kinda of multiply or divide. Noise Whether a signal is receivable is determined by thesignal to noise ratio(S/N). For TVs there are two main sources of noise 1. Atmosphere noise. There are many types of sources for this noise. A light switch creates a radio wave every time it opens or closes. Motors in some appliances produce nastyRF(radio frequency) noise. 2. Receiver noise. Most of this noise comes from the first transistor the antenna is attached to. about receivers are quieter than others. 2. Transmission cable Twin lead (ribbon cable) used to be common for TV antennas. It has its advantages. But due to its unpredictability when positioned near metal or dielectric objects, it has fallen out of favour. Coaxial cable is recommended. It is fully shielded and not affected by nearby objects. Transmission cable has a feature called itscharacteristic impedance, which for TV coax should alway s be 75 ohms. Although rated in ohms, this has nothing to do with resistance. A resistor converts electric energy into heat. The 75 ohms of a coaxial cable does not cause heat. Where it comes from is mathematically complicated and beyond our scope here.But coax also has ordinary resistance (mostly in the center conductor) and thus loses some of the signal, converting it into heat. The amount of this dissolution (loss) depends on the frequency as well as the cable length. TypeCentre conductorCable diameter RG-5920-23 gauge0. 242 inches RG-618 gauge0. 265 inches RG-1114 gauge0. 405 inches Figure 12 Cable loss in dB (Antenna basics, 2008) The above chart is only approximate. There are many cable manufacturers for each type and there is no enforcement of standards. If the mast-mount amplifier gain exceeds the cable loss then it shouldnt matter what cable you use.But there are two problems with this * Some cable has in come shielding. This is most common for RG-59, some other reason to avoid it. * When the cable run is longer than 200 feet, the low-numbered channels can become too soaked relative to the high-numbered channels. In this case, RG-11 or an ultra-low-loss RG-6 is recommended. (These alternatives are expensive. )Alternatively, frequency compensated amplifiers will work. 2. 6 Signal Amplifiers There are two types of signal amplifiers Preamplifiers(Mast-mounted amplifiers)These should be mounted as close to the antenna as possible. Usually the amplifier comes in two parts 1. The amplifier.This is an outdoor unit that is normally bolted to the antenna mast. It must have a very low noise figure, and enough gain to overcome the cable loss and the receivers noise figure. 2. The power module (power injector). This is an indoor unit that commonly lies on the floor behind the TV. It is inserted into the antenna cable between the amplifier and the TV. This module injects some power, usually DC, into the coaxial cable where the amplifier can use it. The power in jector is the amplifiers power supply. Distribution amplifiersThese are simple signal boosters. They are often necessary when an antenna drives multiple TVs or when the antenna cable is longer than 150 feet.Distribution amplifiers dont need to have a low noise figure, but they need to be able to handle large signals without over adulterateing. Commonly, distribution amplifiers have multiple outputs. (Unused outputs usually do not need to be terminated. ) Never feed an amplifier output directly into another amplifier. There should always be a long cable between the preamplifier and the distribution amplifier. Placing the two amplifiers close together can cause overload and/or oscillation. A mast-mounted amplifiers most important characteristic is its noise level, usually specified by thenoise figure. But many manufacturers dont take this number seriously. If it is given at all, it is often wrong. If all makers dont do them right then comparison-shopping is not possible.The author is inclined to rate amplifiers for their noise figures as follows 0. 5 dBsuperb (anything better runs into thermic atmospheric noise) 2. 0 dBexcellent 4. 0 dBfair 6. 0 dBpoor 10 dBawful 2. 7 Transmission delay (Coaxial cable) Transmission lines are described by their two most important characteristics the characteristic impedance Zo and the delay. For instance, a go almost (say 0. 01 wavelength) piece of coaxial cable such RG-58U has been taken and measured its capacitance with the other end open. A one foot length yields more or less 31. 2 pF. The inductance also has been measured with the other end shorted. It yields 76. 8 nH. The impedance may now be computed as Zo=LC Zo=76. ? 10-931. 2? 10-12=49. 6 ohms Here L and C are measured for the same length. The delay may also be computed Delay= L? C Delay= 76. 8? 10-9? 31. 2? 10-12=1. 55 nSec For an ideal line, the delay increases linearly with its length, while its impedance remains constant. After that it has been computed the velocity in foot per second V=lendelay V=11. 55? 10-9=6. 46? 108 foot per second or meters/second 8 10*966. 1 This is less than the speed of light. The ratio of the above speed to the speed of light gives the velocity factor Vf Vf=1. 966? 1082. 998? 108=0. 666 or 66. % of the speed of light As mentioned earlier, the delay increases linearly with the line length. For a given length, the phase difference between the input and output will increase with the frequency ? =2? f? delay Here the phase ? is in radians and the frequency f is Hertz. Converting the phase from radians to degrees requires multiplying by 3602? In this case if frequency is 900 MHz so phase delay will be ?deg=f? 360? delay=900? 106? 360? 1. 55? 10-9? 502. 2 This length that gives 90 degrees of phase shift is also known as a quarter wavelength. Figure 13 Linear change phase vs frequency Figure-13 An ideal transmission line gives a linear change of phase versus frequency.The distributed inductance and capacitance are the basic transmission line parameters. From these, it can be calculated the line impedance, the delay in terms of time and phase, the speed of propagation and the velocity factor. The inductive component has an additional component at the lower frequencies which slows the signal somewhat. This occurs nigh 100 KHz for small coax and lower for larger cables. For frequencies above 1 MHz, the dielectric constant of the cable is probably responsible for the decrease in the delay. Measuring the delay of cables can reveal some hidden properties that could make it unsuitable for some applications, such as carrying wideband data. (Audet, 2001) 3. 0 Possible solutionThe main component of a repeater is amplifier. There are many types of amplifier can be used for this job. RF amplifiers are electronic devices that accept a varying input signal and produce an output signal that varies in the same way as the input, but that has larger amplitude. RF amplifiers generate a all in all new output signal base d on the input, which may be emf, current, or another type of signal. Usually, the input and output signals are of the same type however, separate circuits are used. The input circuit applies varying resistance to an output circuit generated by the power supply, which smoothes the current to generate an even, uninterrupted signal.Depending on load of the output circuit, one or more RF pre-amplifiers may boost the signal and send the stronger output to a RFpower amplifier(PA). Other types of RF amplifiers include low noise, pulse, bi-directional, multi-carrier, buffer, and limiting amplifiers. Detector log video amplifiers (DLVAs) are used to amplify or measuresignals witha wide dynamic chemical chain and wide broadband. Successive detection logvideo amplifiers (SDLVAs)are log amplifiers that can operate over a wider dynamic range than DLVAs, while elongate range detector log video amplifiers (ERDLVAs)areDLVAs that can operate with a wider operating frequency. (Global Spec, 2008) * Military / Defense * Mobile / WirelessSystems * Plasma / electron Laser * RF Induction Heating * Radar SystemsAmplifier Type Applications * Low Noise Amplifier * Power Amplifier * Bi-directional Amplifier * Multi-carrier Amplifier * Multiplier (RF amplifier, 2008) 3. 1 RF amplifier Selecting RF amplifiers requires an analysis of several performance specifications. Operating frequency is the frequency range for which RF amplifiers meet all guaranteed specifications. Design gain, the ratio of the output to the input power, is normally expressed in decibels (dB), or Gdb= 10 * log (Po/Pi) Output power isthe signal power at the output of the amplifier under specified conditions such as temperature, load, potentiality standing wave ratio (VSWR), and supply voltage.Gain flatness indicates the degree of the gain variation over its range of operating wavelengths. Secondary performance specifications to consider include noise figure (NF), input VSWR, output VSWR, and monolithic microwave i ntegrated circuit (MMIC) technology. The noise figure, a measure of the amount of noise added to the signal during normal operation, is the ratio of the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the component and the signal-to-noise ratio measured at the output. The NF value sets the lower limit of the dynamic range of the amplifier. enter VSWR and output VSWR are unit-less ratios ranging from1 to infinity that express the amount of reflected energy. Global Spec, 2008) There are several physical and electrical specifications to consider when selecting RF amplifiers. bodily specifications include package type and connector type. Package types includesurface mount technology (SMT),flat pack, and by hole technology (THT). RF amplifiers may also beconnector zedor use waveguide assemblies. Connector types include BNC, MCX, Mini UHF, MMCX, SMA, SMB, SMP, TNC, Type F, Type N, UHF, 1. 6 / 5. 6, and 7/16. definitive electrical characteristics include nominal operating voltage and nominal impe dance. Operating temperature is an important environmental parameter to consider. (Global Spec, 2008) 3. 1. 1 The Transistor AmplifierIn the preceding section explains the internal workings of the transistor and will introduce new terms, such as emitter, base, and gatherer. Here it discusses the overall operation of transistor amplifier. To understand the overall operation of the transistor amplifier, it must have to only consider the current in and out of the transistor and through the various components in the circuit. Therefore, from this point on, only the schematic symbol for the transistor will be used in the illustrations, and rather than thinking about majority and minority carriers that mean it will be only emitter, base and collector current. Before going into the basic transistor amplifier, there are two terms it should be familiar with AMPLIFICATION and AMPLIFIER.Amplification is the process of increasing the strength of a SIGNAL. A signal is just a general term used t o refer to any particular current, voltage, or power in a circuit. An amplifier is thedevicethat provides amplification (the increase in current, voltage, or power of a signal) without appreciably altering the original signal. Transistors are frequently used as amplifiers. Some transistor circuits are CURRENT amplifiers, with a small load resistance other circuits are designed for VOLTAGE amplification and have a high load resistance others amplify POWER. By inserting one or more resistors in a circuit, different methods of biasing may be achieved and the emitter-base battery eliminated.In addition to eliminating the battery, some of these biasing methods compensate for slight variations in transistor characteristics and changes in transistor conduction resulting from temperature irregularities. Notice in figure 2-12 that the emitter-base battery has been eliminated and the bias resistor RBhas been inserted between the collector and the base. electrical resistance RBprovides the nec essary forward bias for the emitter-base junction. Current flows in the emitter-base bias circuit from ground to the emitter, out the base lead, and through RBto VCC. Since the current in the base circuit is very small (a few hundred microamperes) and the forward resistance of the transistor is low, only a few tenths of a volt of positive bias will be felt on the base of the transistor.However, this is enough voltage on the base, along with ground on the emitter and the large positive voltage on the collector, to properly bias the transistor. (Intregrated Publishing, 2002) Figure 14 The basic transistor amplifier With Q1 properly biased, direct current flows continuously, with or without an input signal, passim the entire circuit. The direct current flowing through the circuit develops more than just base bias it also develops the collector voltage (VC) as it flows through Q1 and RL. Notice the collector voltage on the output graph. Since it is present in the circuit without an inp ut signal, the output signal starts at the VClevel and either increases or decreases.These dc voltages and currents that exist in the circuit before the application of a signal are known as quiescent voltages and currents (the quiescent state of the circuit). Resistor RL, the collector load resistor, is placed in the circuit to keep the full effect of the collector supply voltage off the collector. This permits the collector voltage (VC) to change with an input signal, which in turn allows the transistor to amplify voltage. Without RLin the circuit, the voltage on the collector would always be equal to VCC. The coupling capacitor (CC) is another new addition to the transistor circuit. It is used to pass the ac input signal and block the dc voltage from the preceding circuit. This prevents dc in the circuitry on the left of the coupling capacitor from affecting the bias on Q1.The coupling capacitor also blocks the bias of Q1 from reaching the input signal source. The input to the amp lifier is a sine wave that varies a few millivolts above and below zero. It is introduced into the circuit by the coupling capacitor and is applied between the base and emitter. As the input signal goes positive, the voltage across the emitter-base junction becomes more positive. This in effect increases forward bias, which causes base current to increase at the same rate as that of the input sine wave. Emitter and collector currents also increase but much more than the base current. With an increase in collector current, more voltage is unquestionable across RL.Since the voltage across RLand the voltage across Q1 (collector to emitter) must add up to VCC, an increase in voltage across RLresults in an equal decrease in voltage across Q1. Therefore, the output voltage from the amplifier, taken at the collector of Q1 with respect to the emitter, is anegativealternation of voltage that islargerthan the input, but has the same sine wave characteristics. During the negative alternation of the input, the input signal opposes the forward bias. This action decreases base current, which results in a decrease in both emitter and collector currents. The decrease in current through RLdecreases its voltage drop and causes the voltage across the transistor to rise along with the output voltage.Therefore, the output for the negative alternation of the input is apositivealternation of voltage that islargerthan the input but has the same sine wave characteristics. By examining both input and output signals for one complete alternation of the input, we can see that the output of the amplifier is an exact reproduction of the input except for thereversal in polarityand theincreased amplitude(a few millivolts as compared to a few volts). The PNP version of this amplifier is shown in the upper part of the figure. The primary difference between the NPN and PNP amplifier is the polarity of the source voltage. With a negative VCC, the PNP base voltage is slightly negative with respec t to ground, which provides the necessary forward bias condition between the emitter and base.When the PNP input signal goes positive, it opposes the forward bias of the transistor. This action cancels some of the negative voltage across the emitter-base junction, which reduces the current through the transistor. Therefore, the voltage across the load resistor decreases, and the voltage across the transistor increases. Since VCCis negative, the voltage on the collector (VC) goes in a negative direction (as shown on the output graph) toward -VCC(for example, from -5 volts to -7 volts). Thus, the output is a negative alternation of voltage that varies at the same rate as the sine wave input, but it is opposite in polarity and has a much larger amplitude.During the negative alternation of the input signal, the transistor current increases because the input voltage aids the forward bias. Therefore, the voltage across RLincreases, and consequently, the voltage across the transistor decre ases or goes in a positive direction (for example from -5 volts to -3 volts). This action results in a positive output voltage, which has the same characteristics as the input except that it has been amplified and the polarity is reversed. (Intregrated Publishing, 2002) 3. 1. 2 Ultra High Frequency Transistor Array (HFA) The HFA3046, HFA3096, HFA3127 and the HFA3128 are Ultra High Frequency Transistor Arrays that are fabricated from Intersil Corporations complementary bipolar UHF-1 process.Each array consists of five dielectrically isolated transistors on a common monolithic substrate. The NPN transistors face a fT of 8GHz while the PNP transistors provide a fT of 5. 5GHz. Both types exhibit low noise (3. 5dB), making them ideal for high frequency amplifier and sociable applications. (HFA3127, 2003) The HFA3046 and HFA3127 are all NPN arrays while the HFA3128 has all PNP transistors. The HFA3096 is an NPN-PNP combination. Access is provided to each of the terminals for the individu al transistors for maximum application flexibility. Monolithic construction of these transistor arrays provides close electrical and thermal matching of the five transistors. Features * NPN Transistor (fT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8GHz * NPN Current Gain (hFE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 * NPN Early Voltage (VA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50V * PNP Transistor (fT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 5GHz * PNP Current Gain (hFE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 * PNP Early Voltage (VA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20V * Noise Figure (50? ) at 1. 0GHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 5dB * Collector to Collector Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 dB) and this transistor amplifier gain was not enough for rebroadcasting signal, this project select another amplifier MAV-11SM from supervisor suggestion. One MAV-11SM amplifier gives around 10dB gain what has been shown in testing section. At last two MAV-11SM amplifiers and one HFA3127 has been used to get more than 30dB gain. It has been tested in network scalar analyzer. For battlefield test, a TV card, three TV aerials have been used. The amplifier circuit has been connected with one aerial. It was working very well when it was directly connected with TV card. That it can be said that the repeater was amplifying signal.But when another aerial with long transmission line was connected with amplifier and tried to rebroadcast the signal with 5v 1A power supply, TV picture quality was not improving expectedly. Digital repetition is an innovative concept, which helps to increase the DVB-T coverage while maintaining the highest quality and providing a greater flexibility. In spite of failure, this project was a high level platform to learn about signal and signalling. Future work As this project is unsuccessful at that certain point, this project will try to solve the rebroadcasting prob lem. And the transistor array will be a great option to amplify signal if all five transistors are been used. From HFA3127, it is possible to get min of 120 dB gain if it is soldered perfectly. Works CitedAntenna basics. (2008, October 12). Retrieved May 5, 2011, from http//www. hdtvprimer. com/ANTENNAS/basics. html. Audet, J. (2001). Coaxial Cable Delay. Charan, L. (2002). Inter symbos Interferance (ISI) and Raised Cosine filters. Retrieved celestial latitude 5, 2010, from http//www. complextoreal. com/chapters/isi. pdf. Datasheet. (2005, December 21). Retrieved February 20, 2011, from http//www. intersil. com/data/fn/fn3076. pdf. digital spy. (2009). Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http//www. digitalspy. co. uk/digitaltv/information/a12613/uhf-channel-and-frequency-guide. html. Global Spec. (2008). Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http//www. globalspec. om/learnmore/telecommunications_networking/rf_microwave_wireless_components/rf_amplifiers. HFA3127. (2003). Retrieved January 18, 20 11, from http//www. intersil. com/products/deviceinfo. asp? pn=HFA3127. Intregrated Publishing. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 4, 2011, from http//www. tpub. com/neets/book7/25c. htm. Monolithic Amplifier. (2002). Retrieved January 14, 2011, from http//www. minicircuits. com/pdfs/MAV-11SM+. pdf. Pool, I. (2002). Digital Video Broadcasting. Retrieved April 13, 2011, from http//www. radio-electronics. com/info/broadcast/digital-video-broadcasting/what-is-dvb-tutorial. php. Power Amplifier design. (1998). RF transmitting transistor and power ampli? er fundamentals . RF amplifier. (2008).Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http//www. globalspec. com/learnmore/telecommunications_networking/rf_microwave_wireless_components/rf_amplifiers. sub-TV. (2006, October 13). Retrieved April 20, 2011, from http//www. sub-tv. co. uk/antennatheory. asp. Trolet, C. (2002). SPOT filling gaps in DVB-T networks with digital repeaters. Presented by Gerard Faria, Scientific Director, Harris Broadcast Europe at Broadc astAsia2002 International Conference, Available at http//www. broadcast. harris. com. Gantt chart APPENDICES Frequency Allocation for DVB-T in UK Band IV Channel PAL-I Vision (MHz) PAL-I Sound (MHz) Centre (MHz) 21 471. 25 477. 25 474 22 479. 25 485. 25 482 3 487. 25 493. 25 490 24 495. 25 501. 25 498 25 503. 25 509. 25 506 26 511. 25 517. 25 514 27 519. 25 525. 25 522 28 527. 25 533. 25 530 29 535. 25 541. 25 538 30 543. 25 549. 25 546 31 551. 25 557. 25 554 32 559. 25 565. 25 562 33 567. 25 573. 25 570 34 575. 25 581. 25 578 35 583. 25 589. 25 586 36 591. 25 597. 25 594 37 599. 25 605. 25 602 38 607. 25 613. 25 610 Band V Channel PAL-I Vision (MHz) PAL-I Sound (MHz) Centre (MHz) 39 615. 25 621. 25 618 40 623. 25 629. 25 626 41 631. 25 637. 25 634 42 639. 25 645. 25 642 43 647. 25 653. 25 650 44 655. 25 661. 5 658 45 663. 25 669. 25 666 46 671. 25 677. 25 674 47 679. 25 685. 25 682 48 687. 25 693. 25 690 49 695. 25 701. 25 698 50 703. 25 709. 25 706 51 711. 25 717. 25 714 52 719. 2 5 725. 25 722 53 727. 25 733. 25 730 54 735. 25 741. 25 738 55 743. 25 749. 25 746 56 751. 25 757. 25 754 57 759. 25 765. 25 762 58 767. 25 773. 25 770 59 775. 25 781. 25 778 60 783. 25 789. 25 786 61 791. 25 797. 25 794 62 799. 25 805. 25 802 63 807. 25 813. 25 810 64 815. 25 821. 25 818 65 823. 25 829. 25 826 66 831. 25 837. 25 834 67 839. 25 845. 25 842 68 847. 25 853. 25 850

Competition in the Movie Rental Industry: Netflix and Redbox

The hawkish forces in the ikon rental industry are quite strong, as I get out inform through the five forces model. There are a vast amount of substitutes for watching a movie. You rouse go to a play, sporting event, concert, out the lake/beach, go for a run, watch regular television, go shopping I could go on and on. Also, torrenting or pirating movies is growing increasingly popular. Buyers consecrate a strong charge in this industry mainly because they are picky about how much they will pay to rent or menses a movie.With the amount of substitutes and their pickiness, they get along this industry more competitive than what it may seem. Suppliers can make this industry in truth difficult because there is so much red tape in the movie industry. There are copyrights and restrictions on everything. This gives the supplier a lot of leverage and for the most part, they know that they can demand a price of unless about anything. I see the potential and threat of smart entrants being moderate to strong. First off many customers have their loyalties whether it be to Netflix, Redbox or a local hometown movie rental.Secondly pricing, availability and quality are all key factors. lastly you have to have a large sum of money direct in order to get the ball rolling. As I mentioned prior, gaining rights from movie companies is not cheap. The rivalry among the competitors is quite an intense as they are battling for the best prices, biggest variety, fast accessibility for the customer, and quality movies (HD streaming, few scratches and number of blu-rays). With the growing increases in technology and home entertainment, there are major forces pushing for change in the movie rental industry.In addition to this we now live in a world where people want something and they want it NOW. I work in retail and this in the now era is changing everything and is putting a lot of pressure on almost any company. This has increased the push for expansion of online streaming and or the ease of access to movie rental kiosks. Also in this bare-assed world, there is a huge demand for entertainment. Our generation spends more date in front of the TV and now computers, tablets and smart phones than ever before.The increase in the quality of televisions, surround sounds and filming capabilities is pushing the envelope. People are too constantly looking for the biggest bargain while maintaining quality. When looking at a strategic map the two variables would be price and how quickly the product can be attained. Netflix and Redbox rank high within each category. On the other give Blockbuster and Movie gallery would be ranked much lower payable to their high prices and the fact that you have to go out of your way to a brick and mortar interpose.The biggest key success factor to me over the next 3-5 years will be the capability to stream HD content at home. I understand that this hinders on your internet provider due to bandwidth. But I believe that if a customer can stream HD content it will save them the cost of purchasing a blu-ray player and blu-ray videos. To stem off of this idea, its going to take care upon how quickly the customer can obtain the video. After those two factors, I think that price (low) will then come into play. People want things to be as simple and as user-friendly as possible.Whether this is how it easy is to navigate a website or make purchase at a kiosk machine. Lastly I foresee the variety being a component of success I dont know about you but I do miss some of the movies from the 90s. After performing a rise analysis of Netflix, the company looks increasingly more popular. First off, lets look at Netflixs strengths. boilersuit Netflix has had strong financial stability as they have grown their margins year over year. They definitely have their brand name out on the food market much of this can be attributed to their amount of advertising.You can say that they have alliances given that their videos ca n be streamed on virtually any device (phone, tablet, and computer). This also allows their content to be viewed virtually anywhere. The fact that they teamed up with Oracle to work on their website was a very beneficial move as this gives them approximately propitiative technology. I personally enjoy their recommendations and it is obvious that with their next arrival that they have strong logistics. They have a big cost advantage too.If I can stream a whole season of How I Met Your Mother in one day, I tonicity as though the $8. 9 that I dog-tired was a good investment and yet I still have another 29 or 30 days to go. The two times that I had to deal with their customer dish they quality of service was outstanding and Ive heard many other wonderful testimonials. When looking at weaknesses, I feel that their inability to provide new releases is a major drawback. In addition to this, they need to amp the selection for online streaming since streaming is expanding rapidly. The i ssue at hand with streaming is that it can potentially lead to server crashes if there are too many users on at once.Netflix can also be very enticing to hackers since there is so much personal information stored. I would say that the biggest opportunity for Netflix would to be to make deals with the movie production companies to allow Netflix to carry new releases. To feed off of that, they need to increase their variety particularly in the selection of indie and international films. With as big as they have become Netflix should try to gain rights to more countries. They could try to test out the video rental industry. This would help them out as gamers can stream Netflix on their consoles.Since they have software to offer recommendations based off of likes, they could look into developing a music streaming service similar to Pandora. Lastly, they need to set up kiosks in high traffic shopping areas. Maybe they could start this by putting up kiosks in each of the 50 towns in whic h they have a distribution center. I see the biggest threat being the increasing amount of pirating movies and people performing illegal downloads. The supplier has a lot pulling bureau as they can quote big prices. If other companies began to enter the online streaming idea Netflix will have to look for ways to distinguish itself.Redboxs SWOT analysis does not make it look as attractive as Netlfix, however it is still pretty strong. Again starting with strengths Redbox has its kiosks placed in vizor locations. It is much more convenient for a customer to pick up a movie as they are walking out of the grocery store or McDonalds than it is for them to drive to a physical store location. It is good for both the store and Redbox. I feel that their prices give them a large competitive advantage especially when comparing to the price of a rental from Blockbuster or Movie Gallery.Their smartphone app allows the customer to decide whether or not they can go out and pick up a certain film . I know that many people appreciate the fact that Redbox has many new release films. go on to weaknesses the biggest issue with kiosks is the amount of variety and inventory. There are only 20 to 30 films to choose and I feel that folks enjoy more choices. The other issue with kiosks is that nobody is there to inspect the condition of the disks therefore a customer can potentially rent a scratched up disk.The knockout of Netflix is that your movie will arrive on your doorstep or you can stream it instantly. With the increasing price in gas, it can be seen as somewhat of an inconvenience to drive out to a kiosk. On a positive note, Redbox has many opportunities available to it. They can start off by offering online streaming. comparable Netflix, I suggest that they look into tapping into the video game market at their kiosks. After lifting their lawsuits from Universal and Warner bros, they should renegotiating the length of time that it takes to get their hands on new release fi lms.Redboxs biggest threat would if/when other companies also begin to offer rentals via kiosk locations. The advances in technology may one day lead us away from using discs and virtually everything will be done online. They also face uncontrollable threats such as snow days. It is much easier for the customer to stream a video with Netflix than it is for them to bundle up, clear off their vehicle and risk their lives in hazardous driving conditions. Financially Netflix has been quite sound since its creation.I am rather impressed with how well its gross profit and net income have steadily increased year over year. On the other hand, it does somewhat bother me that their stockholders equity has decreased each year since 2005. Recommendation Netflix I recommend to Netflix that they look into adding kiosk locations in attempt to drive out Redbox as much as possible. This will pull in any more customers because not everyone enjoys being on a subscription and paying monthly rates. By t he time everything turns completely towards online streaming, you will be leaving Redbox in the dust with almost nothing.To further help with pulling customers away from Redbox, Netflix needs to look into gaining access to new release films. With their powerful software, Netflix should look into a streaming service similar to Pandora and or create something like iTunes where customers can purchase and download music. Redbox Redbox has got to get with the plan and offer online content. Along with this, they should offer some sort of subscription service to ensure that they are holding onto their customer base. They could also look into having a rental service via online so that they can offer their customers more variety in movies.

Rates of Reaction Essay

An enzyme is a protein molecule that helps other organic molecules start chemical substance reactions with one another however, the enzyme itself is not affected by the reaction. A substrate is the substance acted upon by the enzyme. In this lab, catalase is the enzyme and hydrogen peroxide is the substrate. Catalase is found in both(prenominal) plant and animal tissues, and is abundant in plant storage organs. In this experiment, catalase is employ from stump spudes. Catalase is important to living things because it prevents the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the cell. henry peroxide is produced naturally as a byproduct of metabolism.It tends to disrupt the cells chemistry, too much can kill a cell. Therefore, the presence of catalase is filled to survive. Catalase breaks down the hepatotoxic hydrogen peroxide into harmless water and oxygen. If the stringency of the substrate hydrogen peroxide is related to the reaction rate of the enzyme catalase, then an increase in t he concentration of hydrogen peroxide lead increase the reaction rate of catalase. Catalase Methods and Materials In order to experiment and determine the affects concentration has on reaction rate, you will need several materials.Such as, murphy extract, crushed ice and water in a large beaker to keep the catalase cool, since catalase is sensitive to temperature. Hydrogen peroxide solution is indispensable at six assorted concentrations (10%, 25%, 40%, 60%, 75%, and 100%). Also, 0% hydrogen peroxide is needed, which is just simply water. In addition, you will need a 10 ml graduated cylinder, a 50 ml beaker, forceps, paper dots (Whatman 1 filter paper, 1 cm diameter), a paper wipe, a stopwatch, and graph paper. During this lab, be careful of the hydrogen peroxide because it can damage skin and clothes.Be sure to immediately rinse and spills with water. Throughout the lab, invariably keep the potato extract in the ice-water bath catalase is very sensitive to warm temperatures. For starters, 0% hydrogen peroxide was tested as the control base 10 ml of hydrogen peroxide was measured of using a graduated cylinder. This sample is then poured into a 50 ml beaker. After swirling the potato extract, using forceps a paper dot is picked up and immersed into the potato juice for five seconds. Then the dot is drained on a paper towel for 10 seconds.Using the forceps the dot is picked up and placed in the bottom of the beaker containing the hydrogen peroxide solution. Soon the dot was expected to rise to the surface because the potato juices catalase would break down the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The oxygen gas gets trapped in the pores of the paper and caused to float. A stopwatch was used to measure the time in seconds from when the dot touched the solution until it reached the surface. The data was then recorded. The class was split into groups and each group was assigned a different percentile of hydrogen peroxide solution.

Gangrene Essay

Gangrene is a given that occurs when body tissue dies. However, in the book Whale Talk, Andy Mott states, Gangrene (is) rot. (p. 134) Technically he is right. It is caused by a spillage of blood supply due to an chthoniclying illness, injury, and/or infection. Gangrene is probably one of the worsened types of infections that can result in an amputation. Fingers, toes, and limbs are virtually a good deal affected, but gangrene can also occur inside the body, damaging organs and muscles. There are different types of gangrene and all require fast medical attention. Blood plays a very important role in your health.Not only does it transport oxygen and nutrients through come forward your body to feed cells, it delivers unhealthiness-fighting antibodies that nurture your body from infection. When blood cannot travel freely throughout the body, your cells cannot survive. Infection can develop and tissue can die from gangrene. So, Andy Motts blood in his subdivision could not tr avel freely. In the book Whale Talk Andy states, My moms boyfriend (Rance Haskins) hed tie my leg to the pipe under the kitchen sinkId been in that location almost twenty-four hours I guess I kept trying to get away and the knot provided got tighter. (p. 65)Any condition that affects blood flow increases your risk of gangrene, including Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, Peripheral arterial disease, Trauma, or injury. Injuries that leave a portion of muscle tissue deprived of oxygen make a perfect home for infections. Some of the cells in a wound are already dead, and the infection starts in these. Crush injuries are most likely to cut off blood supply to a large amount of tissue, and are most prone to gangrene. The infection usually strikes the hands or legs, where blood supply is most easily cut off. In Andy Motts case gangrene affected his leg.He said, my tail end was discolored all the way to my calfthey had to whack (his leg) off before it snuck up and got something really import ant. (p. 165) Surgery can also produce areas of died tissue. This is common in people who have preexisting vascular problems, or risk factors for heart disease. For example, high cholesterol can make blood much likely to clot. A person with high cholesterol is more likely to have more clotted blood vessels after surgery. The tissue thats normally fed by those blood vessels can run out of oxygen, allowing bacteria to multiply and gangrene to start.Serious diseases that interfere with blood flow can cut off oxygen supplied to arms or legs, even when theres no trauma or injury. For example, peripheral vascular disease in which blood flow to the legs is poor and can deprive a foot or leg of blood or oxygen and cause gangrene. People with diabetes are prone to gangrene in the feet. Diabetes-related infections are the most common originator for foot amputation. Severe frostbite (due to overexposure to the cold) can also lead to gangrene due to lack of blood flow to the tissues.Your art eries carry blood rich in oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body. When the arteries in your legs become blocked, your legs do not receive enough blood or oxygen, and you may have a condition called peripheral artery disease, sometimes called leg artery disease. In severe peripheral artery disease, you may develop painful sores on your toes or feet. If the circulation in your leg does not improve, these ulcers can start as dry, gray, or black sores, and eventually become dead tissue resulting in gangrene.The presence of atherosclerotic disease (a disease in which arteries are stiff and hard, with fatty deposits blocking blood flow) is a major factor to gangrene, particularly in the toes, feet, and legs. Gangrene is caused by a loss of blood supply due to an underlying illness, injury, and/or infection, like Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, Peripheral arterial disease, Trauma, or injury. This is why gangrene is probably one of the worse types of infections that can re sult in an amputation. But when you really think about it, it could be so much worse

Locke and Human Nature

Both Hobbes and Locke see compassionate nature differently, Hobbes sees people as universe run by selfishness whereas Locke says that people are naturally kind. In our call down of nature, Hobbes says we take up no rights but Locke suggests that we have natural rights Hobbes shows that adult male are naturally evil that lays down the groundwork for his form of government. Hobbes and Lockes theories differ greatly beginning with their views of human nature.Hobbes suggests that people are naturally, solitary, poor, nasty, and brutish. He also says that without authority mankind is selfish and egotistical. John Locke, on the other hand, sees people as being peaceful in their nature state. These different points of show how they formed their theory of the state of nature Hobbes theory is a pessimistic look at human being and the way they act around each other but Lockes theory suggests that people are more easy-going and peaceful towards each other.As we see in the news daily, peopl e are often cruel and inhumane, and we also see kinder people in everyday life. We see people who reach out up their own personal pleasure so they can serve others. But these people are far and few between, it becomes quickly obvious that humans are drawn towards self-happiness Acording to Machiavelli and Locke Despite their contradictions on sovereignty, John Locke and Niccolo Machiavelli shared one conspicuous concern, and that is their concern for the betterment of society.It is plain to see that some(prenominal) philosophers did have common ways of thinking regarding what a ruler should and should not do. It is how a ruler should behave in order to win sovereignty of his state that guide to a divergence in their opinions. Machiavelli and Locke both considered the nature of government and mans individual interests as they relate to governmental structures. Machievellis idea of fortune and Lockes state of nature concept both shaped the theorists arguments about the purpose of p olitical life.It has been posited that for Machiavelli, politics is an unpredictable arena in which ambition, deception and violence render the idea of the common good meaningless, time Locke would argue that political or civil society exists only to preserve the rights of the individual. It can be argued that for both Machiavelli and Lock, political activity, then, becomes merely a means of delicious selfish ends.

Apocalypse Now Analysis Essay

The line Mistah Kurtz he dead from T. S. Elliots poem The Hollow Men refers to cardinal of the movies main characters Mr. Kurtz, a European trader who had gone into the heart of darkness ie the middle of the vast Vietnamese jungle with European standards of carriage and behavior. Because hes alienated from the ethical motive and spiritual strengths he cannot maintain his sanity and soon ferments into a barbarian. Eyes they dare not ascertain in dreams in my mind, these are the eyes of the innocent Vietnamese whose death they ordered.They macrocosm the American soldiers who, through bring out the duration of their journey through the jungle lost their sanity and were brainwashed because of the weapons they were given. What I was particularly fascinated by in the charge Apocalypse Now was the way the good can somehow turn into the vile, not on their own, but because of their surroundings. .. We were in the jungle, there were too many of us, we had access to too overmuch mone y, too much equipment and little by little we went insane said by director and producer, Coppola at the Cannes film festival in 1979.Even the director had, little by little, gone insane being exposed to the Vietnamese jungle for so many years. The making of the film had taken more(prenominal) than 10 years and $30million to create which had brought Coppola to attempted suicide a couple of times. The film is based on the novella Heart of Darkness which took place during the Vietnam War, where the American and the Vietnamese soldiers showed no mercy when it came to a matter of life and death.Throughout the film, I realized that the main character, Captain Willard, displace to assassinate Colonel Kurtz, began to be more and more captivated by Kurtzs achievements and was beginning to think like him as he was exposed to wrong atrocities of the Great War. When General Corman described Willards mission to him he told him In this war, things get confused out there, power, ideals, the old morality, and practical military necessity. Out there with these natives it must be a temptation to be god.Because theres a conflict in every human heart between the noetic and the irrational, between good and evil. The good does not always triumph. Sometimes the dark side overcomes what Lincoln c every last(predicate)ed the conk out angels of our nature. Every man has got a breaking point. You and I have. Walter Kurtz has reached his. And very obviously, he has gone insane. This quote reminds me of Dantes Inferno mentioned in the poem The Hollow Men a journey through the different circles of stone depending on the type of person one was and the type of crime they had committed during their lifetime.The man is clear in his mind but his soul is mad. Like Alberto Giacometti, Kurtz and Willard develop two faces during the time of the war. The only difference is that Giacometti didnt need a war to show this, his dual personality was natural in criticizing himself, his paintings a nd his sculptures. Whilst watching the film I found it mainly disturbing how these men, men with families, men who had peaceful souls, could casually blow moody the head of a Vietnamese person without feeling just a tiny bit of stick out in their hearts.They could kill without feeling without passion without judgment without judgment Because its judgement that defeats us. The fact that these characters, sent out on mission through the rivers of a foreign place, were simple men, one a chef, the separate a surfer, and the other a sailor gives the audience the feeling that this could happen to anyone. Being placed in the jungles of Vietnam with nothing but weapons would turn us into these animalistic beings with only one instinct kill to survive. Do you know that if is the middle word in life? If you can keep your head when all roughly you are losing theirs and blaming it on you, if you can trust yourself when all men doubt you This film is, in fact, all about losing ones mind, be ing brainwashed by the immoralities of society, to be converted into an emotionless killer. Its about the delusion of what an evil man is in the normal persons eyes compared to what an evil man is in the brainwashed persons eyes.

Basic Legal Environment

Regarding the scenario the best way to go in that situation testament be a partnership. The reason for that being, it cause he has little financial skills and management skills. From what I know regarding showtime a calling. If you do non have the skills or do not know much most the process, then you will need help jump signal and running the business. Everyone has their own way to of doing things so that stopping point it really you to you. Just make sure that you make the right one for you and your family.Abstract This paper will address the issues of sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. This will discuss the advantages and disadvantages for all three. This will also discuss which will be the best way to go when starting a business and why.There some advantages and disadvantages to each lawsuit of business. Depending on how much say the owner wants to have in the decision making of the business. If it was I starting a business the best would be corporation or ever better a express Liability Corporation (LLC). The reason for that being is that if anything happens to the business the liability does not fall back on you.There will be hard getting help with the start up cost, because with this type of business in the beginning, creditors will use individual for credit situations. Out of the three types of businesses, the best would be repair Proprietor because the owner has 100% of all decisions and it is easy to start up, even though all debt falls back to the owner personally. This would be to the best way if you are starting up a parvenu business. As you grow you can easily which it over to a partnership or corporation.Conclusion When starting up a business there are many decisions the make and questions to be asked. If you do not make the right one it can come back on you in the long run. I have learned a lot from starting my businesses that I have started in the past. Now I have a successful business that will go a long way.

Vibration Measurement Instruments

VIBRATION MEASUREMENT In some practical situations, it might be exhausting to develop a mathematical expressive stylel of the system and predict its vibration characteristics through an analytical study. In such cases, we can use experimental methods to measure the vibration response of the system to a cognise input. This helps in identifying the system in ground of its mass, stiffness, and damping. In practice the meter of vibration becomes necessary for the pursuance reasons 1.The increasing demands of higher productivity lead to higher operating speeds of machinery and efficient use of materials through jackanapes anatomical structures. These trends make the occurrence of resonant conditions more frequent during the operation of machinery and reduce the reliability of the system. Hence the biweekly quantity of vibration of machinery and structures becomes essential to ensure adequate safety margins. Any observed shift in the natural frequencies or other vibration charact eristics will indicate either a failure or a need for maintenance of the machine. 2.The measurement of the natural frequencies of a structure or machine is effective in selecting the operational speeds of nearby machinery to avoid resonant conditions. 3. The theoretically vibration characteristics of a machine or structure may be different from the actual values due to the assumptions made in the analysis. 4. The measurement of frequencies of vibration and the forces developed is necessary in the design and operation of active vibration-isolation systems. 5. In many applications, the survivability of a structure or machine in a specified vibration environment is to be determined.If the structure or machine can perform the expected task even after completion of exam under the specified vibration environment, it is expected to survive the specified conditions. 6. Continuous systems are often approximated as multi-degree-of-freedom systems for simplicity. If the measured natural freq uencies and mode shapes of a continuous system are comparable to the computed natural frequencies and mode shapes of the multi-degree of- freedom model, then the approximation will be proved to be a valid one. . The measurement of input and the resulting output vibration of a system help in identifying the system in terms of its mass, stiffness, and damping. 8. The information about ground vibrations due to earthquakes, fluctuating wind velocities on structures, random variation of sea waves, and road surface roughness are important in the design of structures, machines, oil platforms, and vehicle reprieve systems.In general, a transducer is a device that transforms changes in mechanical quantities (such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, or force) into changes in electrical quantities (such as voltage or current). Since the output bode (voltage or current) of a transducer is too small to be preserve directly, a signal conversion instrument is used to amplify the signal to the required value.The output from the signal conversion instrument can be presented on a display unit for visual inspection, or recorded by a recording unit, or stored in a computer for later use. The selective information can then be analyzed to determine the desired vibration characteristics of the machine or structure. Depending on the quantity measured, a vibration measuring instrument is called a vibrometer, a velocity meter, an accelerometer, a conformation meter, or a frequency meter. Reference link http//classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help

The work poem

Vive reached a bit further than half(prenominal) the book and I have been glued to the cover since day one. One major theme that speedwell Roth appears to be focusing on is that being yourself takes courage. She created this world where flock are sorted into five factions base on a single test at the age of sixteen. In the earlier chapters, her family is shown to follow customs and look at leaving the family in a bad way (reference). So when both Caleb and Beatrice forward decide to choose a unlike faction and abandon there family, it shows the amount of courage taken.During the compartmentalization ceremony, Beatrice scrambled thoughts moving very quickly show the bravery involved in being yourself, not barely to yourself but to those around you. The story opens up with a reflection. Reflection ab come out self kitchen range and who you are. It stars 16 year old Beatrice Priors curiosity in herself, which is not common for those from Vegetation. When she tries to find herse lf she ends up determination herself In a dangerous position, being divergent (different). Her friends, Will, AAA and Christina seem very helpful as they are somewhat outcasts (transfers) that are not with the Andorra group.Some predictions I made were that Four, one of the Dauntless Is the son of Marcus and he Is being pushed by scoop to obtain a leader and possibly the leader of the Dauntless. I hope he may also be divergent and have the characteristics from the brave and the selfless, hence the fact that Max would Like him to be a leader. That is why the vegetation governs, because they are Incorruptible. I also predict that the motive that Divergence Is tabooed and exiled Is because they corrupt the system.Their abilities show the flaw In the system, and how his dyspepsia society and Its restricting thinking cannot be categorized. How can someone truly find themselves when they can only be sorted Into five different areas, where only one of the characteristics can be practi ced. Another prediction Is a large war in the midst of the five factions. They all have complete differences (abnegation vs. erudite, dauntless vs. candor..? ) and are working together currently, but It only takes one diamond In the rough (divergent) to break the system.As It seems there are many people who become factionists, this represents poverty and homeless Iranians, they may also create an uprising Like In the Hunger Games, which Is unremarkably related Josh The Road Journal As I finish the commencement exercise half of The Road, my nominal thoughts are that Its a great disappoint. In terms of characters, McCarthy takes a different approach when it comes to characters. No label are given to any of the characters. However, this does not take away from character development. I am brotherly of the concept of a father and son as main characters.I feel as if it adds a warp on the genre and provides more of an emotional aspect to the story. Additionally, it adds a place to r elate to, as everyone as experienced some form of paternal love. With regards to the characters themselves, The father expresses a deep love for his son. Demonstrated by him persecuteing anyone that touches him. However, as I read on the fathers health is deteriorating. I worry for their prospects of living. If the father were to die, most sure would his son. He is too ignorant of what is happening in the world, as well as to accepting of others.Although I wouldnt like it, I feel the father go forth eventually die. In terms of setting, McCarthy does a dreaded Job of conveying a barren and gruesome wasteland. Although I have yet to learn the assume location, I have a good understanding of the scenery. The plot is typical of a book of much(prenominal) genre. The characters are trying to survive, and are Journeying down The Road. However, McCarthy spares no expense with regards to demonstrating the atrocities humans could commit. definite scenes I found brutal to read, often per taining to cannibalism. The theme of paternal love is prominent within the first section of the book.Considering the main characters, this theme can be expected. McCarthy makes an effort to emphasize the mans love for his son. At miscellaneous points in the story it is explained that the mans entire will to live lies within his son. Before his wife committed suicide, she pointed out the boy was all that stood between him and death. The quotation explains that the only thing that prevented the man from suicide was his son. Furthermore, in spite of the distaste with violence the two express, the father is quick to violence if his son is harmed. When they encounter someone who threatens to harm the boy the father does not hesitate to kill him.He expresses such thoughts when he says My Job is to take compassionate of you. I was appointed to do that by God. I will kill anyone who touches you. Do you understand? . throughout the story the father and son make reference to whether they are the good guys. They often question the actions of others and themselves. With reading, I feel McCarthy has put emphasis on humanity and morals. They speak of carrying the fire, which is the term they use to picture people who are moral. If such a situation was to happen in modern civilization, what extent will people go to survive?Would people really strive to be moral in their actions, or succumb to inhumane ethos of survival? Secondly, McCarthy constantly shows the mans determination to live. Despite his sons questions on death, and his willingness to die, the man pushes on. Even patronage the advice of his wife, he cannot afford to see his son die. His love for his son is too great to let him go. I think McCarthy wants us to consider what drives us. What do we love and fight for. That through love and determination people overcome the most dire of circumstances. That if a post apocalyptic scenario were to present itself would we give up on life?

Netflix’s Business Model and Strategy Essay

Netflix is the largest subscription proceeds for sending videodiscs by position and streaming movies and TV episodes over the internet. Netflixs revenues grew from $500 million in 2004 to $519.8 million in 2010. troupes net income increased from $21.6 million in 2004 to $141-156 million in 2010. It attracted 1.6 million subscribers in 2004 and had to 15 million subscribers by 2010. Reed Hastings founder and CEO of Netflix have pushed the company to outcompete its movie letting competitors by building the worlds best internet movie service. Netflix is the world largest online frolic subscription service and revolutionized the way that people contain movies.Netflix has outcompete its rivals on the basis of differentiation features, with their higher quality, wider product selection, added performance and services, and has tops(predicate) engineering science. Netflix has a large selection of DVDs to choose from. It maintains relationships with entertainment providers to expand th e title selection. Movies are prescreened for customers based on peer reviews. This takes Netflix to increase their inventory with movies chosen by viewers. at that place are no late fees. Netflix technology is superior because movies and TV episodes locoweed be streamed directly onto nearly any device in a matter of seconds.Netflix business model and strategy can be analyzed with the 5 competitive forces in the movie rental marketplace 1-substitute, 2- buyers, 3- suppliers, 4- potential for new entrants, 5- rivalry Substitute-It does not matter who sells the movie or the TV episode at the end the end user is getting the same product whether he got it from Walmart or Blockbuster. Substitute for Netflix and a potential threat is pirating movie files from the internet and illegal. This is a substitute that is cut-rate or free copy of the file.Buyers- Have the power to select where they are going to get movies or TV episode. They are going to look provides the best price and best quality. Buyers are not sure and can get this product from other vendors. Competitors compare industry prices and quality. They will reduce cost in effectuate to attract the buyer.Suppliers-Such are Hollywood are likely to increase cost if the industry remuneration increase. Suppliers have the capability to make movies and TV episodes harder to get by limiting license agreements. In order for suppliers to maximize their revenues they sell large number of movies and TV episodes the outcome results in competition and does not allow supplier to have much power on the product. Potential for new entrants- Blockbuster, and Netflix are the dominant retailers in the market it is really difficult for new entrants to succeed.Rivalry- Consumers have multiple sellers they can buy or rent movies and/or TV episodes. Main competitors are online subscription services internet movies and TV episode provider, kiosk services, and DVD rental outlets.From SWOT analysis we found theStrengths as follo wed, by operation on line is very flexible and very low cost, it has high customer satisfaction levels, and strong knowledge base and stain identity. Weakness are the industry, it is constantly changing at a fast speed, it is supplier dependent, postage is a variable cost (increases), customers need to have internet access and or DVD players. Opportunities are It can expand globally to international markets because its internet access, new technology.Threats If its not able to adapt or confine up with technology, rivals such as Walmart.com or Blockbuster have capital to compete against Netflix.There are some issues Netflix is facingNetflix needs to watch out for growing competitors with deep pockets and need to keep up with the fast growing changes with technology. It is recommended that Netflix increases its customer base (subscribers). This income will offset the ongoing costs. Netflix should move away(predicate) from DVD rental, it creates a large percentage of its operating cost. Netflix should find out why people are still ordering DVDs Netflix should educate customers with their streaming and downloading and focus on encouraging customers to stay with the service.Blockbuster advantage over Netflix is that they are able to release new released titles. Netflix needs to negotiate with entertainment providers to get new releases earlier than the competitors. Finally it is suggested that if Netflix is able to get new releases earlier they should pass a cost for the newest release (separately from subscription download monthly fee).